2016年10月19日至10月22日，中国国际工程咨询公司（简称澳门今晚开生肖）组织中国城市轨道交通PPP专家代表团赴日内瓦，参加联合国欧洲经济委员会（简称联合国欧经会，英文缩写UNECE）第八次PPP专家组（Team of Specialist PPP，简称TOS PPP）会议。联合国欧洲经济委员会PPP专家组正式决定由澳门今晚开生肖牵头负责城市轨道交通PPP国际标准的研究制定工作。

澳门今晚开生肖研究中心主任李开孟博士被选聘为联合国城市轨道交通PPP国际标准研究专家组组长，并在联合国欧洲总部万国宫举行的城市轨道交通PPP国际标准预备会上发表“城市轨道交通发展的全球视野及制定PPP标准的紧迫性”（Global Overview for Unban Rail Transit and the Urgency for PPP Standard Development）主旨演讲，强调城市轨道交通是一种绿色环保的大运量公共交通方式，具有节能、节地、便捷、安全、舒适等优势，对城市经济和社会可持续发展具有重要影响。

城市轨道交通投资巨大，建设质量和运营标准要求很高，难以完全依靠政府投资，私营部门的参与必不可少，很多国家都将PPP模式作为私营部门参与城市轨道交通项目的重要方式。在新型城镇化快速推进和城市优先发展公共交通的背景下，中国城市轨道交通起步虽然比欧洲晚了一百年，但近年来已呈现出世界罕见的发展速度和规模，城市轨道交通运营里程已约占全球三分之一，中国拥有在项目类型、数量和投资金额等方面均遥遥领先的城市轨道交通PPP项目群，有信心、有优势、也最有能力为城市轨道交通PPP国际标准的制定提供丰富且可资借鉴的案例资源。

澳门今晚开生肖发起城市轨道交通PPP国际标准的研究制定，就是按照联合国倡导的以人为本（People First）可持续发展理念要求，努力将城市轨道交通PPP项目实施框架进行标准化设计，减少交易成本，吸引更多的私营资本参与建设和运营维护，激励创新，形成可推广的政策框架和PPP模式运作原则，致力于共同实现联合国2030可持续发展议程所设定的目标。演讲具体内容刊发如下，供读者参考。

Global Overview for Unban Rail Transit and the Urgency for PPP Standard Development

Prof.Li, Kaimeng, Ph.D., Director General of CIECC Research Centre

Dear Colleagues,

I’m Li Kaimeng, from China International Engineering Consulting Corporation(CIECC). It is my great pleasure to be there joining the Team of Specialist (TOS) PPP meeting, and use this opportunity to discuss together how to develop the best practicee PPP model on Urban Rail Transit to support the member states to develop a greener environment and quality life.

I would share with you about my vision on the global overview of Urban Rail Transit, and the urgency for the PPP standard development in terms of people-first principle.

Compared with traditional public transport systems, urban rail transit is a greener and environmental-friendly transport mode with energy-efficiency, land-conservation, huge traffic capacity, less pollution, convenience, safety and comfort, which is in line with the principles of sustainable development requirements, especially suitable for the public transport needs in large and medium-size cities.

Although urban rail transit has a history of over 150 years (the first line in London in1863), urban rail transit system has been built in large-scale internationally only since 1970s. Until now, over 50 countries have operated subways in more than180 cities, the gross length of which has exceeded 10,000 kilometers. It includes Metro, Light rail, Monorail, Urban fast track, tram, Maglev Train and APM.

Progress of urbanization all over the world, especially in developing countries, leads people to an increasing requirement on ecological and green urban transport. In choosing the mode of urban transportation, people pay more and more attention to land and energy saving, environment quality improvement, and passengers safety. As a result, urban rail transit has become the priority of public transportation in large and medium-sized cities.

In Tokyo, urban rail transit has undertaken 88% of the gross city passenger volume, comparing to 71% of London, 70% of Paris and 55% of Moscow. In big cities of China like Beijing and Shanghai, urban rail transit undertakes 86.6% and 89.1% passenger volume respectively in downtown urban areas.

In term of technology, most countries in the world attach great importance to the innovation and application of new technologies on urban rail transit. They are trying to improve the innovation and application of RAMS (Reliability, Availability, Maintainability and Safety), big data, BIM （Building Information Modeling） technologies in the area of urban rail transit, with consideration of green, environment protection, intelligence and sustainability.

For instance, in China, 7 national engineering labs have been built up to improve the research and innovation of high-technologies, including rail transit system test, automobile system integration, communication and operation control of trains, technologies on transit system security assurance, transit system security and maintenance assurance, technologies on green and safe construction, and technologies on digital construction and assessment.

Urban rail transit construction not only needs huge investments and influences many stakeholders, but also requires high construction and operation quality, which cannot only rely on the investment and operation by public sectors, but needs involvement of private sectors as well. PPP is regarded as a very important model for the implementation of urban rail transit projects in most countries.

It is very complicated to apply PPP model upon urban rail transit sector. Factors such as the exploitation of urban land, urban transportation network planning, business mode structure design, and the requirement of energy conservation and environment protection should all be taken into consideration.

Comparing to ordinary railways, urban rail transit would exert very different influences on urban regions and industry. Thus, it is of great significance and necessity to establish a PPP international standard specially focus on urban rail transit sector. We suggest to develop a UNECE PPP standard in accordance with the best practice of urban rail transit PPP projects, so that we could promote the private sectors to involve more effectively in the investment, construction and operation of urban rail transit sector, and the urban rail transit projects can be developed healthily under the people-first principles and the sustainable development goals (SDGs) advocated by the United Nations.

At present, national urban public transport authorities and PPP policymakers of different countries, especially the developing countries in the world are trying to develop comprehensive PPP policy systems for urban public transport, while the World Bank and the Asia Development Bank have also been actively advocating the construction of public transport systems. The standard we initiative will provide policy framework and PPP model principles applied in urban rail transit sector, in line with the requirements of the international organizations and governments.

The standard will try to standardize the operation of urban rail transit PPP projects, reduce transaction costs and attract more private capital to involve in the construction and maintenances of urban rail transit projects. So it is of great importance to stimulate the innovation of urban rail transit project implementation.

At present, China is becoming the largest PPP market for urban rail transit in the world, this provides sufficient case resources for the study and development of the PPP international standard. Under the impacts of the Belt and Road Initiative, the Asia Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB), the Silk Road Fund and other international initiatives, more and more Chinese enterprises have been involved in the constructions of urban rail transit projects in different countries.

We hope to make effective contribution to the preparation of the urban rail transit PPP standard.  The core project team will be made up of top experts in the field of urban rail transit sectors around the world. The standard will be in line with the requirements of the UN SDGs based on the summary of successful urban rail transit PPP cases in the world.  We hope the experts from different countries can join us to develop such a significant standard together, so that we can contribute to the realization of the UN 2030 agenda collaboratively. I am looking forward to work with you in the near future!

Thank you very much!